California Science Center, Los Angeles

Natural History Museum dome rising behind the Rose Garden at Exposition Park Los Angeles

California Science Center is an expansive science museum where Exposition Park's institutional campus meets hands-on experimentation, living ecosystems and large-scale engineering devoted to understanding life, technology and the physical world.

Set along Exposition Park Drive near Figueroa Street and just steps from the Exposition Park Rose Garden, the museum occupies a broad campus organized around the Howard F. Ahmanson Building, adjoining galleries and outdoor educational areas. A multistory central atrium distributes circulation toward major exhibition zones devoted to living systems, human invention and ecological environments, giving the building an open internal orientation across several levels. Ecosystems extends that physical range through environments spanning a kelp forest, rocky shore, desert, river, islands, poles and extreme deep sea, with a 188,000-gallon kelp tank anchoring the marine component. The museum's hands-on installations place physical experimentation beside living organisms, engineered devices and large scientific specimens, creating repeated shifts in scale from microscopic biological processes to aircraft and major habitat displays. The result is a substantial scientific campus whose atrium, laboratories, aquatic environments, interactive installations and large artifacts give physical form to an unusually broad exploration of life and engineering.

California Science Center is best known for evolving from a state exposition institution into a major hands-on science museum through a multidecade redevelopment program that fundamentally changed its exhibitions and educational mission. Its institutional ancestry reaches to the California State Exposition Building, created in Exposition Park as part of a larger civic campus developed during the early twentieth century. The facility later became the California Museum of Science and Industry, carrying a name that remained associated with the institution through much of the twentieth century. A comprehensive master plan eventually divided redevelopment into three major phases, with Phase I completed in 1998 as the institution adopted the California Science Center name and expanded its emphasis on participatory science education. The first phase centered permanent content on World of Life and Creative World, placing biological processes beside technology, communications, structures and transportation within a reorganized museum. Phase II reached its principal milestone in 2010 with the opening of Ecosystems, extending the museum into a series of ecological zones built around living organisms and direct scientific investigation. The Science Center subsequently developed education programs spanning mathematics, conservation, engineering, communications and transportation alongside its permanent galleries, and state reporting placed annual attendance above two million before the latest expansion campaign. That sustained redevelopment transformed an older state museum into a science institution structured around active investigation across biological, ecological and technological subjects.

Space shuttle Endeavour created a separate institutional chapter after NASA awarded the retired orbiter to the California Science Center in 2011 following a competitive national selection process. Endeavour had completed 25 missions before its final transfer to Los Angeles, including service connected with the International Space Station and the Hubble Space Telescope. Its 2012 relocation became Mission 26, beginning with a cross-country ferry flight atop NASA's Shuttle Carrier Aircraft before the orbiter traveled 12 miles through Inglewood and Los Angeles streets to Exposition Park. The shuttle entered temporary display in the Samuel Oschin Pavilion, where it remained until preparations for the Science Center's third master-plan phase required its removal from public view. Phase III centers on the Samuel Oschin Air and Space Center, a major expansion containing the Samuel Oschin Shuttle Gallery, Korean Air Aviation Gallery and Kent Kresa Space Gallery. Engineers assembled Endeavour vertically with its external tank and two solid rocket boosters, producing the first permanent museum display of a complete space shuttle system in its launch configuration. The Science Center has stated that Endeavour will remain off public display for several years until the new center opens, making the construction period an active transition between its temporary horizontal installation and permanent vertical presentation. The air-and-space expansion completes the three-phase master plan by joining authentic spacecraft and aircraft with the participatory scientific approach developed across the museum during the preceding decades.

California Science Center works as the anchor for an Exposition Park outing connecting Los Angeles natural history, African American cultural institution-building and a century of civic performance and international sport.

Begin at Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, whose institutional home grew from William Miller Bowen's campaign to transform the former Agricultural Park into a cultural campus shared by state, county and city institutions. The Los Angeles County Museum of History, Science, and Art opened there on November 6, 1913 during a two-week civic celebration that coincided with completion of the Owens River Aqueduct. The institution received exclusive rights that same year to recover prehistoric remains from Rancho La Brea, building an important paleontological collection before those specimens moved to the George C. Page Museum in 1976. Its art division departed for the new Los Angeles County Museum of Art in 1963, leaving the Exposition Park institution to become the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County. Continue to California African American Museum, created in 1977 after a sustained campaign by founders and community advocates produced the first African American museum of art, history and culture fully supported by a state. Formal operations began in 1981 under first director Aurelia Brooks, and Richmond BarthΓ©'s bronze bust of civil rights leader Mary McLeod Bethune became the first object acquired for its permanent collection. Jack Haywood and Vince Proby designed the 44,000-square-foot permanent Exposition Park home opened in 1984, where inaugural exhibition The Black Olympians 1904-1984 was curated by Lonnie Bunch as Los Angeles hosted the Games of the XXIII Olympiad. The collection has since grown to 5,000 objects spanning fine art, historical artifacts and work connected with California, the American West and the wider African diaspora. Conclude at LA Memorial Coliseum, commissioned in 1921 as a memorial to Los Angeles veterans of World War I and designed by father-and-son architects John and Donald Parkinson. Construction began on December 21, 1921 and finished on May 1, 1923 with an original capacity of 75,000 and preliminary construction costs of $954,873. The stadium hosted Olympic opening and closing ceremonies and track and field competition in both 1932 and 1984, received National Historic Landmark status in 1984 and is preparing for a third Olympic Games in 2028. Its sporting history also encompasses USC football beginning in 1923, the Los Angeles Dodgers from 1958 through 1960, the 1959 World Series and Super Bowls I and VII. The progression moves from the creation of Los Angeles's principal natural-history institution through a state-supported museum centered on African American art and history and culminates at the Parkinsons' century-old stadium, tracing the educational, cultural and international ambitions that turned Exposition Park into one of the city's major civic campuses.

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